When may therapists disclose client health information without authorization?

Therapists may disclose client health information without authorization when mandated by law. This allows for compliance with legal requirements that may vary by jurisdiction. For example, if a therapist is subpoenaed to provide records for a legal case or if there is a requirement to report suspected child abuse or threats of harm to self or others, they are legally obligated to disclose that information to the appropriate authorities.

In contrast to this correct answer, the other scenarios do not meet the criteria for disclosing client information without consent. Using client information for marketing purposes is strictly prohibited unless explicit client consent is obtained. Challenging a denial of payment typically involves carefully navigating confidentiality regulations, often requiring patient authorization for any information to be shared with insurance companies. Additionally, limiting disclosures to only active therapy sessions does not account for legal obligations that could arise outside of this context. Thus, the legal requirement to disclose certain information without client consent is the primary reason for the correct answer.