Which is a long-term effect of heavy alcohol use?

Vision impairment is a recognized long-term effect of heavy alcohol use due to the neurological and physiological damage that alcohol can cause over time. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to various issues related to the eyes and visual system, such as blurred vision, problems with depth perception, and even conditions like alcoholic amblyopia, where vision deteriorates as a direct result of alcohol abuse. Additionally, heavy drinking can damage the optic nerve and cause disruptions in the brain's ability to process visual information.

In contrast, increased appetite, social withdrawal, and muscle coordination improvement do not align with the established consequences of chronic alcohol use. While some individuals might experience a temporary increase in appetite due to alcohol's effects on metabolism and inhibition, this does not represent a long-term effect related to heavy drinking. Social withdrawal is more commonly associated with mental health issues rather than a direct outcome of heavy alcohol consumption. Lastly, heavy alcohol use typically leads to impaired muscle coordination rather than improvement, making vision impairment the most accurate choice reflecting long-term effects.